Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad (born 10 July 1925) is a Malaysian politician currently serving as Prime Minister of Malaysia for the second time. He is chairman of the Pakatan Harapan coalition, as well as a member of the Parliament of Malaysia for the Langkawi constituency in Kedah. He previously served as Prime Minister from 1981 to 2003, making him the office's longest-serving holder. Mahathir's political career has spanned more than 70 years since he first joined a newly formed United Malays National Organisation in 1946; he formed his own party, Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia (Malaysian United Indigenous Party), in 2016.
Born and raised in Alor Setar, Kedah, Mahathir excelled at school and became a medical doctor. He became active in the United Malays National Organisation before entering Parliament in 1964. He served one term before losing his seat, subsequently falling out with Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman and being expelled from United Malays National Organisation. When Abdul Rahman resigned, Mahathir re-entered United Malays National Organisation and Parliament, and was promoted to the Cabinet. By 1976 he had risen to Deputy Prime Minister, and in 1981 was sworn in as Prime Minister after the resignation of his predecessor, Hussein Onn.
During Mahathir's first tenure as prime minister, Malaysia experienced a period of rapid modernization and economic growth, and his government initiated a series of bold infrastructure projects. Mahathir was a dominant political figure, winning five consecutive general elections and fending off a series of rivals for the leadership of United Malays National Organisation. However, his accumulation of power came at the expense of the independence of the judiciary and the traditional powers and privileges of Malaysia's royalty. He deployed the controversial Internal Security Act to detain activists, non-mainstream religious figures, and political opponents including the Deputy Prime Minister he fired in 1998, Anwar Ibrahim. Mahathir's record of curbing civil liberties and his antagonism towards western interests and economic policy made his relationships with the United States, United Kingdom and Australia, among others, difficult. As Prime Minister, he was an advocate of third-world development and a prominent international activist.
After leaving office, Mahathir became a strident critic of his hand-picked successor Abdullah Ahmad Badawi in 2006 and later, Najib Razak in 2015. His son Mukhriz Mahathir was the Chief Minister of Kedah until early 2016. On 29 February 2016, Mahathir quit United Malays National Organisation in light of United Malays National Organisation support for the actions of Prime Minister Najib Razak, in spite of the 1 Malaysia Development Berhad scandal. On 9 September 2016, the Malaysian United Indigenous Party was officially registered as a political party, with Mahathir as chairman. On 8 January 2018, Mahathir was announced as the Pakatan Harapan coalition candidate for prime minister for the 2018 general election, in a plan to pardon Anwar Ibrahim and hand a role to him if the campaign was successful.
Following a decisive victory for Pakatan Harapan in the 2018 election, Mahathir was sworn in as prime minister on 10 May 2018. At 93, he is the world's oldest sitting head of government. He is the first prime minister not to represent the Barisan Nasional coalition (or its predecessor, the Alliance Party) and also the first to serve from two different parties and on non-consecutive terms.
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